As education evolves to meet the demands of the 21st century, traditional methods of teaching are no longer sufficient to equip students with the skills they need to thrive in a complex, rapidly changing world. Pedagogical engineering—a field that blends educational theory with practical design—offers a structured approach to creating
Science education plays a pivotal role in shaping students’ analytical and critical thinking skills, fostering a deeper understanding of the world around them. However, traditional methods of teaching science in Moroccan classrooms often rely heavily on rote learning, leaving little room for creativity or engagement. To address this challenge, educators